Light Pollution
The original picture was altered using a program called IRAF (Image Reduction and Analysis Facility). In order to change the picture to show the difference between different lighting, I had to find the change in the flux (Δ F) from the change in mag/arcsec2 (Δ M). We calculated that the original flux was 298.6, so we used the equation
FB = FA * 10(Δ M/2.5)
Where FB equals the new flux, FA equals the original, or 298.6,
and Δ M equals the change mag/arcsec2. As an example, here is
how you would find out FB for the first site, Mr. Wilson.
Δ M = 20.7 – 19.8
Δ M = 0.9
FB = 298.6 * 10(0.9/2.5)
FB = 684.1
Then you would subtract 298.6 from 684.1 to find Δ F, which would
be 385.5.
I also used that program to alter the pictures a little to make the transitions between sites a little easier to see, so I made the background sky darker. In the "real" pictures, the background almost fades into white.