Proportionally large metal core (high average density of planet) but weak magnetic field (due to slow planet rotation and/or cooler, less convective core due to smaller size)
Ozone Layer thickness varies seasonally with a hole developing in austral spring. The hole has grown larger (size & amount of ozone lost) since the 1970s. NASA and other organizations are monitoring its size. The ozone hole issue is not connected with Ozone Action Days, which are intended to minimize smog/pollution in city environments.
hydrogen (1H) has 1 proton, 0 neutrons, and 1 electron (when neutral, i.e., not ionized)
helium (4He) has 2 protons, 2 neutrons, 2 electrons when neutral
carbon (12C) has 6 protons, 6 neutrons , and 6 electrons when neutral
iron (56Fe) has 26 protons, 30 neutrons, and 26 electrons when neutral
Examples of different electromagnetic radiation (light) in daily life:
Gamma Rays have the highest energies and shortest wavelengths, and are only found (on Earth) in very energetic environments like nuclear reactors and bombs.
X-rays are a bit less energetic (slightly longer wavelengths), and are used in medical X-rays.
Ultraviolet (UV, "beyond violet") light has lower energy still, and is used in tanning, "black lights", and water purification.
The entire visible spectrum of light is a narrow range of wavelengths/energies in the full EM spectrum. Your eyes/vision use visible light.
Infrared (IR) light has longer wavelengths and lower energies than visible red light ("less red"), and is used in heat lamps to keep fast food warm, and by military/firefighters to "see" in dark/smoky environments ("cool" website).
Microwaves (longer wavelength, lower energies than IR), as in a microwave oven.
Radio waves have the longest wavelengths (often meters or more between crests!) and lowest energies of the EM spectrum. They are used to transmit radio and television signals.
A sequence of images drawn from the famous (to scientists) movie of the same name, in which we step back a factor of 10 times in every frame. Click on the "0" in the black box on the right to start your journey, and click on successive numbers (1, 2, 3, ... 25) to "step out," or multiply, by that number of powers of 10. For example, 5 will get you out five powers of 10, or (10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10) = 100,000 = 10^5 (ten to the fifth) times the original view. If you click the negative numbers, you will go "inward", or divide your distance by powers of 10, so -5 = 1/10/10/10/10/10 = 0.00001 = 10^-5 (ten to the minus five) times the original view.
