1.  A seat of emf is represented by the symbol , where the long side refers to the positive terminal. Make a sketch in the space indicated on the Worksheet of the two battery combinations studied in Procedure 1. Determine the total voltage by adding the voltages of the batteries in the proper sense and enter them on the sketch.

2.  Assuming the voltage across the battery is known, use KVL to determine the voltage across the light bulb in Procedure 2, and enter in cell D71. Compare with the measured values by finding the percentage difference. Enter this value in cell D72 on the Worksheet.

3.  Assuming the voltage across the battery is known and that the voltage across each bulb is the same, use KVL to determine the voltage across each light bulb in Procedure 3, and record the values in cells D77. Compare with the measured values by finding the percentage error in each case. Enter the errors in cells D79:D80.

4.  In Procedure 4, use KCL (applied at junction a) and the measured values of the current passing through each light bulb to calculate the current passing through the battery-leg of the circuit. Enter the calculated current value in cell D84. Compare with the measured value by finding the percentage error and entering the result in cell D86.

5.  In Procedure 5, use KCL (applied at junction a) and the measured values of the current passing through each parallel leg of the circuit to calculate the current passing through the battery leg of the circuit. Enter the calculated current value in cell D90. Compare with the measured value by finding the percentage error and entering the result in cell D92.

6.  In Procedure 5, use KVL (applied on bulbs #2 and #3) and the measured values of the voltage across these two bulbs to calculate the voltage across bulb #1. Enter the calculated value in cell D94. Compare with the measured value by finding the percentage error and entering the result in cell D96.

7.  In Procedure 6, use KCL (applied at junction a) and the measured values of the current passing through each parallel bulb (#2 and #3) to calculate the current passing through bulb #1. Enter the calculated value in cell D100. Compare with the measured value by finding the percentage error and entering the result in cell D102.