Experiment 06
 

NEWTON'S SECOND LAW-Simulation

PROCEDURE 1:

Open up the Interactive Physics file. You will see the set up that is described above. Note also that there are two slide controls which allow you to vary the mass of each block, and two push buttons to RUN and RESET the simulation. Two readout displays are presented to display the velocities of each mass, along with a numerical readout of the elapsed time. You will notice an arrow at the top left of each velocity display. This arrow allows the observer to choose the mode of data display. Select the GRAPH readout mode from the menu and leave it in that form for the time being. We choose to look at the velocity of the masses because in this case we expect the acceleration to be constant, and its value can easily be determined from velocity data.
1.    Start with mass #1 set at 1.0 kg and mass #2 set at 5.0 kg by using the slide controls. Press the RUN button and observe the motion. You can repeat the motion by pressing RESET and then RUN again. You also might want to "step" through the simulation by using the VCR-style controls on the bottom of the frame.

Sketch the plots obtained for the velocity of each mass. Be sure that the scales on the x- and y-axes are recorded accurately. Take a break and answer the following questions by linking to the Newton's 2nd Law Worksheet. Be sure to fill in the header information. Answer Questions 1 through 4 on the Worksheet.

2.    Go back to the Interactive Physics window and RESET the simulation. By selecting the menu on the velocity displays, change the format to digital for the velocity of each mass. RUN the simulation again. Determine the acceleration of each mass by using the final velocity for each mass, and elapsed time data that the simulation provides.

Switch back to the Worksheet and go to the heading labeled PART 1. Five data columns are set up on the spreadsheet in cells B36:I41. Headings for the data to be recorded are indicated. In trial 1, record the two mass values, the change in velocity for each mass during the run, and the elapsed time on your data sheet. There are 3 more data columns, and you need to label them accordingly. In the first one of these, put down the result of your determination of the acceleration of mass #1. In the second, put down the result of your determination of the acceleration of mass #2. Finally, in the third, put down the value of the acceleration calculated using Equation (1). Then answer Questions 5 and 6 on the Worksheet.

3.    Keeping mass #1 at 1.0 kg, repeat for the following settings of mass #2: 4.0 kg, 3.0 kg, 2.0 kg, and 1.0 (trials 2, 3, 4 and 5). Be sure to hit the RESET button before changing the mass value with the slide control. Fill in the data on your data sheet in each case above. It should include the mass values, the change in velocity values, the elapsed time value, the measured acceleration values, and the calculated acceleration value.

4.    Reset mass #2 to 5.0 kg and set mass #1 to 0 kg (or as close as you can get to zero). Repeat the procedure above and record the data (trial 6).

5.   Below the first table is a second tablewith two data columns covering cells C45:D50. In the first of these, find the difference between the measured and the calculated values of the acceleration for all mass values. In the second column, find the percentage error in this measurement. Finally, answer Question 7 on the Worksheet.

PROCEDURE 2:


Load the Interactive Physics file. The setup is much the same except now the output is in the form of three graphs in which the x-position, the velocity and the acceleration of mass #1 are plotted.

1.    RUN the simulation with mass #1 set to 1.0 kg and mass #2 set to 5.0 kg. While still in Interactive Physics, obtain a print out of the resulting graphs by first choosing PAGE SETUP under the FILE menu and setting the orientation to have the long side of the paper horizontal, and then choosing PRINT under the FILE menu. Open the Worksheet window and answer Questions 8 and 9.
    2.   Draw three tangent lines to the position vs. time plot at three different times and find their slopes. Compare with the values for the velocity at the corresponding times. Indicate these points on the plot and hand it in with the Worksheet at the end of the lab period. In the Worksheet window, answer Question 10.

    3.     Print out the Worksheet and use it to develop your lab report.