NAME:_________________________________________________ 7/28/1995 Astronomy 212 Hour Examination Instructions: Write the letter of the correct answer in the blank space at the left of each item. 1. Craters were first discovered on the Moon in about this year: A. 250 BC B. 1066 C. 1609 D. 1789 E. 1910 2. It is obvious from Earth that the _____ of lunar highlands is high relative to the maria. A. temperature B. density C. albedo D. humidity E. wind velocity 3. The gravity field on Earth is _____ times greater than on the Moon. A. 50 B. 12 C. 6 D. 2 E. 1.5 4. The Moon rotates on its axis once every _____ days. A. 15 B. 27.3 C. 29.5 D. 365.25 E. 366.25 5. We see this only when the Moon is near apogee, i.e., far from Earth: A. a "Blue" Moon B. a "New" Moon C. an "annular" solar eclipse D. Earthshine E. moonbeams 6. Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon in July of this year: A. 1956 B. 1959 C. 1962 D. 1969 E. 1976 7. The name for the powdered rock that coveres the Moon's surface: A. KREEP B. lignite C. caprolite D. regolith E. breccia 8. This composite type of Moon rock was formed when a large impact compressed and "welded" an aggregate of small rock fragments together: A. KREEP B. lignite C. caprolite D. regolith E. breccia 9. According to the movie A New Look at the Old Moon, it was ________ that melted the interior of the Moon to make the lava that fills the maria. A. heat of impacts B. friction C. radioactivity D. differential rotation E. the Sun 10. This fine-grained volcanic rock is the most common type found on the Moon: A. basalt B. breccia C. obsidian D. lignite E. magmatite 11. The word "maria" for the darker parts of the Moon's surface, derives from a Latin word that means ______. A. goddess B. dust C. cheese D. seas E. craters 12. In contrast with the maria, lighter parts of the Moon's surface are called the "_____." A. deserts B. ejecta C. highlands D. plains E. craters 13. Many of the impact craters on this planet show signs of water or mud flows associated with their formation: A. Phobos B. Mercury C. Moon D. Venus E. Mars 14. Earth's atmosphere and _______ protect its surface from exposure to the solar wind. A. albedo B. large moon C. high density D. magnetic field E. cloud cover 15. Weathering, water and ______ are the chief reasons Earth's surface is not so densely pocked with craters as Mercury, Mars and the Moon. A. magnetic fields B. oxidation C. agriculture D. seismic activity E. forestation 16. The first spaceshot to hit the Moon's surface was from the ______ program in 1959. A. Apollo B. Luna C. Ranger D. Viking E. Pioneer 17. It is Earth's ________ that is thought to be responsible for its magnetic field. A. moon B. liquid core C. albedo D. weather E. radioactivity 18. Spacecraft from this NASA program are the only ones ever to have landed on Mars: A. Voyager B. Pioneer C. Ranger D. Viking E. Venera 19. Earth's magnetic field is responsible for this atmospheric phenomenon: A. Aurora Australis B. acid rain C. Coriolis forces D. hurricanes E. nimbus clouds 20. The "______ belts" are composed of charged particles captured by the Earth's magnetic field from the solar wind. A. zodiacal B. Van Allen C. Apocalyptic D. Mycene E. Uranian 21. American astronomer Percival Lowell was convinced he saw these on Mars: A. craters B. rivers C. glaciers D. canals E. cities 22. We have a closeup pictures of the rocky surface of Mars, thanks to this program of space exploration: A. Galileo B. Venera C. Mariner D. Pioneer E. Viking 23. The Viking 1 & 2 missions discovered that there seems to be no ______ on Mars. A. life B. water C. atmosphere D. craters E. volcanism 24. Olympus Mons is a shield volcano, or "hot spot" volcano, which is the type of volcano found here on Earth: A. Peru B. Mexico C. Japan D. California E. Hawaii 25. The approximate length of a siderial day on Mars: A. 25 hrs. B. 627 Earth days C. 450 mins. D. 12 hrs. E. 45 hrs. 26. The first Mariner flyby photographs of the surface of Mars in the mid 1960s gave most planetary scientists the false impression that Mars was ________. A. hospitable to life. B. like the Moon. C. quite humid. D. very dense E. a comet at one time in the past. 27. The seasonal variations in surface markings on Mars, once thought to be evidence of vegetation, are now thought to be due to this: A. frost B. wind-blown dust C. running water D. seismic activity E. clouds 28. The _______ on Mars are different from those found on Moon and Mercury. A. scarps B. rills C. craters D. E. mica 29. The odd chemical composition of this type of Moon rock gave it its name: A. KREEP B. lignite C. caprolite D. regolith E. breccia 30. Valles Marineris, found on Mars, is the largest ______ in the Solar System. A. crater B. canyon C. lake D. volcano E. glacier 31. Once a mystery, Jupiter's Great Red Spot is now known to be a _______. A. volcano B. floating island C. methane lake D. giant fire E. persistent huricane 32. Jupiter's strong magnetic field is due to the ______ in its core. A. liquid iron B. metallic hydrogen C. volcanoes D. ammonia E. paramagnetic salts 33. This NASA program gave us close-up flyby photgraphs of all the Jovian planets: A. Galileo B. Venera C. Mariner D. Pioneer E. Voyager 34. One basic reason for the formation of a ring around a large planet is that orbiting objects organized into a disk or ring will not ______. A. osculate B. collide C. aggregate D. lose heat E. fall to the surface 35. The first astronomer to see the moons of Jupiter: A. Galileo B. Percival Lowell C. Carl Sagan D. Johannes Kepler E. Christian Huygens 36. The total number of ringlets around Saturn: A. 2 B. 10 C. 5 D. 14 E. uncountably many 37. The rings of Saturn are probably made up of smooth pieces of this: A. basalt B. carborundum C. iron D. ice E. KREEP 38. Lightning and _______ have been observed on both Earth and Jupiter. A. auroras B. geysers C.mountains D. craters E. rain 39. It was a big surprise when geyser-like volcanos were discovered on this satellite of Jupiter: A. Amalthea B. Io C. Europa D. Titan E. Ganymede 40. The mass of Mars is approximately _____ the mass of Earth. A. 1/10 B. 1/4 C. 1/2 D. 2/3 E. 4/5