Name:______________________________ June 24, 1994 Astronomy 201 -- Final Exam Instructions: Record the best answer on the answer sheet. Guess if necessary. 1. The Prime Meridian is a longitude line that passes very near this city: a. London b. New York c. Lisbon d. Honolulu e. Anchorage 2. The horizon of a local observer passes through this cardinal point: a. east b. zenith c. equinox d. solstice e. node 3. In Bowling Green (latitude 41.3 deg.), Polaris (a ursa minoris) has this average altitude(in degs.): a. 41.3 b. 48.7 c. 30 d. 60 e. 90 4. These are the "equatorial coordinates" of a point in the sky: a. latitude and longitude b. altitude and azimuth c. R.A. and dec. d. zenith and nadir e. equator and ecliptic 5. The Declination of the Autumnal equinox is zero, but its Right Ascension is ______. a. 90 degs. b. 6 hours c. 12 hours d. 18 hours e. 270 degs. 6. It takes about this long for the Right Ascension of the Sun to change by 2 hours: a. one day b. two days c. one week d. two weeks e. one month 7. "Retrograde motion" of the planets is in this direction: a. East to West b. West to East c. North to South d. up and down e. sideways 8. Where the sun rises at the time of the autumnal equinox: a. Northeast b. Southeast c. due East d. South e. West 9. The declination of the sun (in degs.) at the winter solstice: a. 90 b. 0 c. +23.5 d. -23.5 e. 5 10. The phase of the Moon must be _______ for an lunar eclipse to happen. a. new b. waxing c. 1st quarter d. 3rd quarter e. full 11. If the "Age of Aquarius" is coming, we should call our present times the "Age of ________." a. Aries b. Taurus c. Virgo d. Pisces e. Orion 12. This group of stars, which contains Vega and the Ring Nebula, is supposed to resemble a harp: a. Aries b. Libra c. Lyra d. Gemini e. Cetus 13. The superstitious belief that the motions of planets through the stars influence wordly events: a. cosmology b. phrenology c. palmistry d. astronomy e. astrology 14. Which of the following did Newton NOT discover or invent? a. elliptical orbits b. Law of Gravity c. reflecting telescope d. serrated edges on coins e. calculus 15. The "siderial month" of 27.5 days is the period of time required for the moon to do this: a. osculate b. go from one meridian passage to another c. traverse 24 hrs. of R.A. d. go from new moon to new moon e. precess once 16. The seven objects known as planets in ancient Rome did NOT include this: a. Moon b. Earth c. Mars d. Sun e. Venus 17. What is the traditional astronomical symbol for the Mars? 18. Ptolemy's model for the Universe is best described as a "________" model. a. heliocentric b. qualitative c. simple d. geocentric e. correct 19. Most modern research telescopes use a design originated by this man: a. Ptolemy b. Kepler c. Newton d. Cassegrain e. Galileo 20 . To change the magnification of an astronomical telescope change the ___________ of its eyepiece. a. focal length b. resolving power c. magnification d. diameter e. thickness 21. The "dispersive element" in an astronomical spectrometer may be either a grating or a ________. a. mirror b. lens c. prism d. polaroid e. filter 22. Newton's Law of Gravity is an inverse square law, which means that, all else being equal, the gravitational force between two bodies half as far apart will be ___________. a. half as large b. twice as large c. repulsive d. four times larger e. one fourth as big 23. The so called "Galilean Satellites" are ______________. a. Mercury & Venus b. moons of Jupiter c. Phobos and Diemos d. the rings of Saturn e. asteroids 24. The branch of astronomy concerned with measuring brightness of stars in the sky: a. photometry b. voyeurism c. astrometry d. metrology e. astrology 25. The Doppler effect allows us to use a star's spectrum to measure its _________. a. mass b. temperature c. size d. speed e. class 26. Absorption lines in the spectrum of a star can be used to measure the _______ of it's atmosphere. a. composition b. diameter c. pollution d. viability e. density 27. The _____ of blue light is smaller than that the _____ of red light. a. frequency b. wavelength c. speed d. helicity e. mass 28. The luminosity of a star is proportional to its area times the ____ power of its absolute temperature. a. first b. second c. third d. fourth e. fifth 29. A sixth magnitude star is _______ than a first magnitude star. a. 100 times dimmer b. 100 times brighter c. 10 times dimmer d. 10 times brighter e. 5 times brighter 30. The name of the brightest star in Canis Major: a. Vega b. Arcturus c. Rigel d. Deneb e. Sirius 31. Two stars in the "cup" of the Big Dipper point to this important star: a. Deneb b. Arcturus c. Rigel d. Polaris e. Vega 32. Jovian planets all are far from the Sun, and they all have similar _______. a. color b. densities c. mountains d. surface features e. oceans 33. The fourth planet from the Sun: a. Earth b. Mars c. Jupiter d. Saturn e. Uranus 34. We can use a star's brightness to measure its distance only if we also know its _______. a. luminosity b. diameter c. spectral class d. color e. mass 35. All else being the same, a star half as far away will be .... a. half as bright b. half as luminous c. twice as bright d. one fourth as bright e. four times brighter 36. A star whose parallax is 0.25 seconds of arc is this far away: a. 0.25 pc b. 4 pc c. 0.25 a.u. d. 4 a.u. e. 0.25 l.y. 37. The spectral class of the Sun: a. A0 b. B1 c. G2 d. O3 e. F4 38. Polaris has luminosity class I, which means it is _______. a. main sequence b. a dwarf c. variable d. dull e. a supergiant 39. Star #1 is has absolute visual magnitude 1.0, while star #2 has absolute visual magnitude 2.0. From this we can say that: a. #1 is brighter b. #2 is redder c. #2 is hotter d. #1 is more luminous e. none of these 40. The position of a red dwarf star on a typical H-R diagram: a. upper left b. lower left c. lower right d. upper right e. center 41. This would NOT be plotted on the y-axis (the vertical axis) of an H-R diagram. a. absolute magnitude b. luminosity c. brightness d. apparent magnitude e. spectral class 42. The pinkish red color often seen in a region containing very luminous hot stars comes from this: a. hydrogen atoms b. red giants c. dust d. helium gas e. novae 43. This coolest part of the atmosphere of the Sun is responsible for spectral absorption lines: a. photosphere b. chromosphere c. troposphere d. corona e. ionosphere 44. The _____ of a cluster of stars can be inferred from the position of a knee-shaped bend in the main sequence on its H-R diagram. a. net mass b. angular momentum c. helicity d. speed e. age 45. The "parallax method" is a way of measuring the distance to ________ stars. a. binary b. clusters of c. far away d. nearby e. variable 46. The Crab nebula in Taurus, also known as M1, is classified as a(n) _______. a. supernova remnant b. open cluster c. galaxy d. H I region e. black hole 47. Unless a star is a member of an interacting binary system, its evolution is predetermined at the time of its birth by its ______. a. mass b. rotation speed c. luminosity class d. egodicity e. planets 48. A nova is thought to be a ________ star that is part of an interacting binary system. a. red giant b. neutron c. white dwarf d. young e. black hole 49. Because their luminosities can be inferred from their periods, Cepheid variable stars are a very useful tool for measuring ________ in astronomy: a. brightness b. age c. distance d. mass e. density 50. Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity is a theory of _______. a. kinematics b. heat c. gravity d. nepotism e. color 51. Einstein's General Theory of Relativity is a theory of _______. a. kinematics b. heat c. gravity d. nepotism e. color 52. The year Einstein published his Theory of Special Relativity: a. 1755 b. 1805 c. 1855 d. 1905 e. 1955 53. A pulsar is prevented from collapsing under its own gravity by the pressure of ______ neutrons. a. charged b. heavy c. bosonic d. degenerate e. happy 54. Which is NOT a final state (i.e. "corpse") of a star? a. white dwarf b. red giant c. black hole d. neutron star e. pulsar 55. The best known candidate for a star-sized black hole is a variable x-ray source in this constellation: a. Virgo b. Andromeda c. Cygnus d. Cepheus e. Sagittarius 56. We are part of a supercluster of galaxies whose center is in this constellation: a. Virgo b. Andromeda c. Cygnus d. Cepheus e. Sagittarius 57. One of the few galaxies visible to the "naked eye" is located in this constellation: a. Virgo b. Andromeda c. Cygnus d. Cepheus e. Sagittarius 58. The center of our galaxy is located in this direction: a. Virgo b. Andromeda c. Cygnus d. Cepheus e. Sagittarius 59. The Schwarzschild radius of a black hole with the same mass as the Sun is about this size: a. 4000 miles b. 1 a. u. c. 1 pc d. 3 km e. 1 cm 60. The General Theory of Relativity is based on the ________ Principle, which is a generalization of the null result of the Eotvos experiment. a. Inertia b. Equivalance c. Uncertainty d. Correspondence e. Mach 61. The Michelson-Morely Experiment that inspired the Theory of Special Relativity was first performed in this city: a. London b. Capetown c. Cleveland d. Paris e. San Diego 62. The center of our galaxy was "discovered" by Harlow Shapley, who did it by measuring the distance to __________. a. globular clusters b. the nearest quasar c. spiral nebulae d. alpha Centauri e. the Local Group 63. In the "Great Debate" between Shapley and Curtis in 1920, Heber Curtis correctly argued that ... a. the Magellanic Clouds are part of the Milky Way. b. spiral nebulae are "island universes." c. the Milky Way is the whole universe. d. galaxies are flattened globular clusters. e. stars burn hydrogen. 64. The Heber Curtis position in the above "Great Debate" was proved correct by _______ when he discovered Cepheid variables in M31. a. Humason b. Hubble c. Leavitt d. Wilson e. Bell 65. The approximate diameter of the Milky Way in light years: a. 1,000 b. 10,000 c. 100,000 d. 1,000,000 e. 10,000,000 66. The approximate number of galaxies in the Universe: a. one million b. 100 million c. 1 billion d. 100 billion e. one trillion 67. The solar system is in the _____ of our galaxy: a. disk b. halo c. nucleus d. central bulge e. nadir 68. Because it has a relatively small central bulge, the Milky Way galaxy is classified as _____. a. E0 b. S0 c. SBa d. Sc e. G2 69. The capital letter "B" in the galaxy type SBa stands for this word: a. beauty b. bent c. border d. blunt e. bar 70. The fork diagram scheme for classifying galaxies is based on galaxy _______. a. size b. shape c. color d. speed e. rotation 71. The man who designed the fork diagram: a. Humason b. Hubble c. Leavitt d. Wilson e. Bell 72. In color photographs of galaxies, the spiral arms tend to have this color: a. blue b. green c. orange d. red e. brown 73. The chief difference between spirals and ellipticals is that spiral galaxies have a lot of ____. a. Pop II stars b. angular momentum c. gas d. pulsars e. dim stars 74. The dozen or so galaxies nearest to us are known as the ________. a. Coma Cluster b. Local Group c. Virgo Cluster d. Great Attractor e. Pleiades 75. Clouds of relatively dense, cool gas and dust called "_______" are often seen as dark patches in glowing nebulae. a. H-I regions b. H-II regions c. aurora borealis d. gas bags e. blobs 76. Bright nebulae, glowing with characteristic reddish color, and commonly found scattered through the Milky Way, are "________." a. H-I regions b. H-II regions c. aurora borealis d. gas bags e. blobs 77. The quantity M/L, which astronomers call "mass over light", has unit value for a normal collection of _____. a. blue giants b. galaxies c. nebulae d. stars e. bippies 78. If a galaxy is so far away that nothing of known luminosity can be resolved in it, we have to use to ______ to measure its distance. a. radio astronomy b. parallax c. guessing d. Hubble's Law e. anglular size 79. The technique used these days to map out the three-dimensional arrangement of galaxies in space: a. astrometry b. triangulation c. Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) d. osculation e. complete redshift surveys 80. The man who, around 1929, discovered what we now know as the expansion of the Universe: a. Albert Einstein b. Edwin Hubble c. Timothy Leary d. Harlow Shapley e. Max Headroom 81. The man who, around 1916, made what he considered his "greatest mistake" in not predicting the expansion of the Universe: a. Albert Einstein b. Edwin Hubble c. Timothy Leary d. Harlow Shapley e. Max Headroom 82. The nearest and brightest quasar. a. M13 b. Cygnus X-1 c. Sagittarius A d. BL-Lac e. 3C273 83. The man credited with the discovery of quasars: a. Einstein b. Shapley c. Heber d. Schmidt e. Cavendish 84. When the first map of the Virgo supercluster was published in the early 1980s, it was described as having this shape: a. spiral b. elliptical c. disk d. ring e. flower 85. The age of the Universe, T, can be computed from the Hubble constant, H, using this formula: a. T=cH b. T=H2 c. T =H4 d. T=1/H e. T=H2O 86. The approximate age in years of the oldest globular clusters in the Milky Way: a. 100 million b. 1 billion c. 5 billion d. 15 billion e. 25 billion 87. The standard form of Hubble's Law: a. H=VD b. V=HD c. D=VH d. D=V/H e. V=H/D 88. The letter D in Hubble's Law stands for this: a. Distance b. Doppler c. Density d. Diameter e. Drift 89. The approximate age in years of the Universe according to Big Bang cosmology. a. 100 million b. 1 billion c. 5 billion d. 15 billion e. 25 billion 90. The center of this kind of galaxy is like a quasar, but with smaller redshift and smaller luminosity: a. Cepheid b. E0 c. Shapley d. Tauroid e. Seyfert 91. Which of the following objects would NOT be classified as an AGN? a. BL-Lacerta b. 3C273 c. delta Cephei d. radio galaxy e. quasar 92. The Universe will eventually stop expanding and begin to contract if its average _____ is big enough. a. age b. density c. radius d. temperature e. speed 93. Most astronomers accepted the Big Bang theory of cosmology once ______ was discovered. a. 3C273 b. the microwave background c. expansion of the Universe d. LSD e. General Relativity 94. In the Whisper from Space TV tape, an open railroad car with trumpeters was used to illustrate this: a. a pulsar b. a quasar c. the Doppler effect d. a spectrum e. the Big Bang 95. In the Searching for Black Holes TV tape, the nucleus of the Galaxy NGC1275 was mapped using a worldwide network of ________. a. radio telescopes b. computers c. x-ray satellites d. infrared telescopes e. theodolites 96. As the term is commonly used in Astronomy, the acronym SETI stands for _______. a. Several Telescope Interferometry b. Selenium-Titanium c. Seven Times d. Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence e. Starry Eyed Teenage Imp 97. The name quasar is a shortened form of "quasi-star," which comes from the fact that both stars and quasars ... a. have similar spectra b. have the same color c. are very far away d. look alike in photographs e. emit x-rays 98. Recent studies of the arrangements of galaxies show that the three-dimensional structure of space resembles a greatly enlarged version of this: a. steel wool b. toilet paper c. spaghetti d. pea soup e. soap suds 99. Most astronomers believe that the power source of a quasar is this: a. supernovae b. nuclear fission c. nuclear fusion d. a huge black hole e. spinach 100. Most astronomers think the future of the Universe is that it will .... a. expand forever b. never really change c. eventually contract d. increase in density e. get heavier